The State of Tanzania’s Transport Infrastructure and Its Impact on Logistics Efficiency

Transport infrastructure is the backbone of economic growth, determining how efficiently goods, services, and people move across a country. In Tanzania, the state of roads, railways, ports, and air transport directly impacts the logistics sector, shaping trade competitiveness and business operations. Despite notable investments, challenges in infrastructure continue to influence efficiency and costs in supply chains.

Roads and Highways

Tanzania boasts over 86,000 km of roads, yet only a fraction is paved and well-maintained. Rural roads are often in poor condition, limiting access for farmers and small-scale traders to major markets. Urban congestion, particularly in Dar es Salaam, delays deliveries and increases operational costs for logistics companies. Improvements like the Morogoro-Dar es Salaam highway expansion have helped reduce travel time, but more work remains.

Railways

Railways, including the Tanzania Railways Corporation (TRC) and the Tanzania-Zambia Railway Authority (TAZARA), are essential for freight and passenger transport but remain underutilized due to outdated infrastructure and limited capacity. The ongoing Standard Gauge Railway (SGR) project is poised to alleviate road congestion, lower transport costs, and enhance cargo efficiency. Notably, the Morogoro–Dodoma section of the SGR, covering 541 km, was inaugurated in August 2024, marking a significant milestone in the modernization of Tanzania's rail network.

Ports and Maritime Transport

Maritime transport is another critical component, with Dar es Salaam Port handling over 90% of the country’s international trade. While port congestion, limited hinterland connectivity, and bureaucratic inefficiencies pose challenges, projects like the upcoming Bagamoyo Port promise increased capacity and faster cargo movement, positioning Tanzania as a regional trade hub.

Air Transport

Air transport supports high-value and perishable cargo, with airports such as Julius Nyerere International and Kilimanjaro International enabling exports of flowers, fruits, and vegetables. However, high cargo costs and limited domestic flights still restrict logistics efficiency.

Impact on Logistics Efficiency

The impact of infrastructure on logistics is profound. Poor roads, congested ports, and underdeveloped railways increase transport costs, delay deliveries, and reduce Tanzania’s competitiveness in regional and global trade. Conversely, investments in modernized transport networks reduce costs, attract investment, and facilitate faster, more reliable supply chains.

Government Initiatives and Future Outlook

The government has launched initiatives such as the Big Results Now (BRN) program, focusing on upgrading roads, bridges, and railways. Combined with digital logistics systems for tracking and scheduling, these efforts are expected to improve transparency, reduce delays, and enhance the overall efficiency of Tanzania’s logistics sector.

In conclusion, Tanzania’s transport infrastructure is a critical determinant of logistics efficiency and economic growth. While significant progress has been made through road expansions, port upgrades, and railway modernization, continued investment and strategic planning are essential. Strengthened transport networks will lower costs, improve trade, and unlock the full potential of Tanzania’s growing economy.